Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta biopetroleum. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta biopetroleum. Mostrar todas las entradas

lunes, octubre 01, 2007

BIOCOMBUSTUBLES: Las algas y el biopetróleo

Esta es la marca y el concepto que Bio Fuel System, una empresa con sede en Alicante, va a lanzar al mercado energético y eléctrico en breves fechas. Sus claves son la reducción de costes, una producción casi inagotable, un proceso sostenible al partir de materias primas naturales -las algas- aprovechando la fotosíntesis, la energía solar y el campo electromagnético, y un producto -también carbones- que se convierte en fuente de energía alternativa y equiparable al de origen fósil, al aprovechar el CO 2 y reducir sus emisiones. Su aplicación en el mundo empresarial sirve para distintos sectores como el de la automoción, el eléctrico, el de la cosmética y el de la celulosa.

Tiene el color verde de las algas, contiene cientos de millones de seres unicelulares por mililitro cúbico, y se ha tardado varios años años en dar con la fórmula científica de cultivarlo en un medio artificial. No en vano, detrás de este futuro biocombustible están los departamentos de Biotecnología, Ingeniería Química y Ciencias del Mar de las universidades de Alicante y Valencia.

Sus padres son el profesor de Biotecnología de la Universidad de Alicante, Cristian Gomis, y el ingeniero de Termodinámica, Bernard Stroïazzo. La búsqueda de este último de un sistema que acelerara el ciclo vital de la fotosíntesis por el que las células marinas absorben el dióxido de carbono y expulsan oxígeno, crecen y se reproducen, encontró la respuesta en el biólogo marino Gomis.

BIOCOMBUSTUBLES: Las algas y el  biopetróleo

En estos años se han seleccionado una treintena de cepas de familias de algas clorofíceas a las que se ha alimentado con luz solar, CO2 y una pizca de fósforo y nitrógeno. El resultado ha sido que en esas condiciones artificiales óptimas, sin cambios extremos de temperaturas, ni corrientes, ni depredadores, han acelerado sus procesos vitales y reproductivos. Si en el medio marino la concentración de estos seres es de 300 en un mililitro cúbico, en el sistema BFS llega a 200 millones.

Una sopa verde. La batería de cilindros de plástico transparentes de tres metros de altura y 70 centímetros de diámetro -que hacen de prototipo de la que será una próxima planta industrial- contiene una especie de sopa de color verde, donde cada día esos cientos de miles de millones de seres se dividen en dos cada 12 horas. Es así como la biomasa está servida.

Es igual que la del mar, aunque más densa. O como ocurrió hace 200 millones de años con el fitoplancton en una Tierra en formación, cuando los cataclismos lo sepultaron y se fosilizó, hasta que hace 150 años el hombre comenzó a extraerlo, lo llamó petróleo y creó una sociedad dependiente de este combustible.

El biopetróleo de BFS no tiene el color negro del crudo y no tiene ni azufre ni los metales pesados que se le incorporan en su fosilización. Es sólo materia orgánica con la celulosa y el silicio de la membrana celular.

Cada día se ordeña el cilindro extrayendo la mitad de su contenido, se centrifuga, se devuelve el agua al tanque para que se doble la cantidad de individuos en las siguiente 24 horas, y queda la materia orgánica en pasta para la refinería o seca para carbón. Cada kilogramo de esta masa tiene 5.700 kilocalorías. Tanto como el carbón. Capaz de alimentar plantas térmicas de electricidad, que se verían obligadas a capturar el CO2 de sus chimeneas para alimentar al biocombustible que crece en la planta de al lado, donde digiere su propio carbono y ni tan siquiera hay que transportarlo. Una refinería podría hacer lo mismo. ¿Quién da más?

Bernard Stroïazzo afirma que han logrado reproducir el "mejor intecambiador de energía del Sol que existe, el mismo que hay en los océanos en forma de fitoplancton y que es la base de la cadena alimentaria marina". Gomis señala que "las algas son seres inmortales porque están en crecimiento infinito".

Más del 50% de la masa de las decenas de miles de especies de algas que componen el fitoplancton en los océanos es aceite. ¿Para qué quieren tanta grasa? Simplemente porque tiene menos densidad que el agua y flota en el mar con el fin de estar cerca de la superficie donde llega la luz solar, que es la mitad de su dieta junto al dióxido de carbono en la fotosíntesis.

En BFS logran que, en cada dos metros cúbicos de agua, se produzcan seis kilos al día de biomasa. Esto es miles de veces más que el cultivo anual de soja, girasol o palma, usando mucho menos territorio y menos agresivamente.

El próximo objetivo de la empresa será la primera planta de producción eléctrica de 30 megavatios antes de un año. Necesitarán de una hectárea para instalar el hogar artificial de las algas en cilindros de ocho metros de altura y 70 centímteros de diámetro. Allí producirán la electricidad de 3.000 viviendas con calderas que muevan generadores y recuperen el CO2. El lugar ya está elegido en Alicante y las licencias solicitadas.

Cuatro mercados potenciales De las negociaciones que mantendrán en los próximos meses con las grandes multinacionales dependerá el éxito de su proyecto empresarial, que ha supuesto ya una inversión de 10 millones. El científico ya lo han desarrollado. Pero otro hándicap con el que se encuentran es que Bio Fuel Sysytem (BSF) se está introduciendo en un escenario internacional en el que no sólo priman los criterios económicos y de reducción de costes, sino otros por los que, incluso por la evolución de las cotizaciones y el desajuste de la demanda y la oferta, llegan a tambalearse los mercados. La automoción se plantea como uno de los primeros sectores a conquistar, pero también el eléctrico. De otra parte, en la industria cosmética se encuentra, asimismo, otro punto de mira. Los oligoelementos extraídos de algas pueden aportar un proceso natural y económico a este mercado. Y si se introdujeran en el de la celulosa, como pretenden, se contribuiría a reducir la actual deforestación.


Via: El Mundo|Levante EMV
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sábado, septiembre 08, 2007

DEUTSCHLAND: Germans want to invest 100mln Euro in biofuel factory

That smell coming from that super-modern highclass luxury car, say an Audi A8, BMW7 or Mercedes- S class won’t be just fine Corinthian leather any more, but something a tad more toxic, if fuel-efficient: something like fried potatoes. That’s because investments in biofuels are picking up, including German interest in a 100 million Euro plant, probably near the sea capital of Varna, which would make Bulgaria a key player in the burgeoning drive to produce biofuels for cars, initially for luxury cars whose buyers can afford the changes needed to modify the vehicles.

It has become clear that the biggest producer of such fuels in Europe, the German concern Verbio AG (Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG) is checking the opportunities to invest in construction of a factory for biofuels in Bulgaria. The executive director of Verbio AG Klaus Zauter discussed the investment plans of the company during a meeting with the Minister of Economy and Energy Petar Dimitrov. Verbio AG is looking for proper terrain to build the concern, and reportedly prefers a port city.

The factory will produce biodiesel and bioethanol both at the same time. Dimitrov said he thinks a likely site is Varna. Most probably the company will apply as a first-class investor. The local partner of the concern is Euroethyl JSC which is the first producer of bioethanol in the country and has a plant near Alfatar, the Silistra region. Euroethyl JSC is planning to widen this factory. The project is scheduled to be finished at the beginning of 2008 and, with it, the capacity for producing bioethanol will increase four times, said the company’s Executive Director, Radoslav Shunk, cited by Bulgarian National Radio.

The capacity of Euroethyl JSC now is 10,000 000, litres, and it’s aiming to achieve 40,000,000 litres. Dimitrov is well acquainted with the perspectives for rapid growth of the biofuels market. As a former chairman of a committee of ways and means in the parliament, he was one of the defenders of the stimulation of this business in Bulgaria, as experts in the branch are reminding. Dimitrov was an active participant and has had a great contribution to the establishment of zero rating for biofuels by a change in the Tax Stores and Excise Duties Act, said officials from Euroethyl JSC. Verbio has plants for biodiesel and bioethanol in Germany with a total production capacity of more than 700,000 tonnes per year, or 2,100,000 litres per day. Some 400,000 tonnes is biodiesel and 300,000 tonnes is bioethanol.

The company is working also in the field of the reviving energy sources. The concern owns a 120-megawatt wind power plant in Germany. The whole business is united in Verbio Group, which has more than 1000 employees and revenues of more than one billion Euro. Shares of the concern are traded at the stock exchange in Frankfurt. Verbio is not the first foreign producer declaring intentions to invest in construction of plants in Bulgaria. Back in February the Bulgarian News Agency reported that businessmen brothers Tomas and Richard Pambald from Sweden are intending to invest 70,000,000 Euro for construction of a biofuel plant near Pleven. They presented their project during a meeting with the chief of the region Cvetko Cvetkov.

The Swedish investors are planning production capacity of 150,000 cubic metres of bioethanol per month. According to the Agriculture and Woods service in the region of Pleven, more than 400,000 tonnes of biomass, proper for processing in fuel, is expected to be extracted. The larger usage of biofuels in the future is not only an act of good will. The Directive of EU 30 from 2003 obliges EU countries to increase the use of ecological fuels sharply, instead of the oil. In this respect, biodiesel will replace a bigger part of oil fuels. Biodiesel in Europe today is an industry of more than USD 500 million, and the consulting agency Frost & Sullivan predicted growth up to USD 2.4 billion with 4.5 million tonnes in sales per year until 2007. The European Union will need millions of tonnes of imported biofuels to fulfill its ecological plans, the Financial Times reported. This is demanded by an act, requiring standard fuels to be mixed with 10 percent ethanol.

According to the ecological requirements, after 2009 European gas stations should start offering two new types of petrol – E5 with five percent ethanol and E10 mixed with 10 percent of the alternative fuel. The biodiesel market is growing all over the world. In Germany this fuel is offered at a lower price than petrol diesel at more than 2000 gas stations. At the moment, Bulgaria has accepted the guideline for replacement of 5.75 percent of the petrol and diesel with reviving fuels. For now only a few gas stations are mixing the fuels and only Tempo petrol is offering pure biodiesel. With the exceptionally favourable conditions for raising rape, sunflower and other oil-bearing cultures it is economically profitable to use car fuels, produced by vegetable or animal oils. This process has been growing fast in the last few years.

Dozens of thousand of tonnes of biodiesel per year are used for transportation and other purposes in the country. In contemporary ecological plant-growing the protection of the soils from contamination is significant in order to answer the requirements for organic farming. The agricultural transport and machinery in organic farming will be required to use 100 percent organic fuels (biodiesel, ethanol, biopetroleum), which are not contaminating the soil, the ground waters and the air in order to guarantee ecologically pure production.

That smell coming from that super-modern highclass luxury car, say an Audi A8, BMW7 or Mercedes- S class won’t be just fine Corinthian leather any more, but something a tad more toxic, if fuel-efficient: something like fried potatoes. That’s because investments in biofuels are picking up, including German interest in a 100 million Euro plant, probably near the sea capital of Varna, which would make Bulgaria a key player in the burgeoning drive to produce biofuels for cars, initially for luxury cars whose buyers can afford the changes needed to modify the vehicles.  It has become clear that the biggest producer of such fuels in Europe, the German concern Verbio AG (Verbio Vereinigte BioEnergie AG) is checking the opportunities to invest in construction of a factory for biofuels in Bulgaria. The executive director of Verbio AG Klaus Zauter discussed the investment plans of the company during a meeting with the Minister of Economy and Energy Petar Dimitrov. Verbio AG is looking for proper terrain to build the concern, and reportedly prefers a port city.  The factory will produce biodiesel and bioethanol both at the same time. Dimitrov said he thinks a likely site is Varna. Most probably the company will apply as a first-class investor. The local partner of the concern is Euroethyl JSC which is the first producer of bioethanol in the country and has a plant near Alfatar, the Silistra region. Euroethyl JSC is planning to widen this factory. The project is scheduled to be finished at the beginning of 2008 and, with it, the capacity for producing bioethanol will increase four times, said the company’s Executive Director, Radoslav Shunk, cited by Bulgarian National Radio.  The capacity of Euroethyl JSC now is 10,000 000, litres, and it’s aiming to achieve 40,000,000 litres. Dimitrov is well acquainted with the perspectives for rapid growth of the biofuels market. As a former chairman of a committee of ways and means in the parliament, he was one of the defenders of the stimulation of this business in Bulgaria, as experts in the branch are reminding. Dimitrov was an active participant and has had a great contribution to the establishment of zero rating for biofuels by a change in the Tax Stores and Excise Duties Act, said officials from Euroethyl JSC. Verbio has plants for biodiesel and bioethanol in Germany with a total production capacity of more than 700,000 tonnes per year, or 2,100,000 litres per day. Some 400,000 tonnes is biodiesel and 300,000 tonnes is bioethanol.  The company is working also in the field of the reviving energy sources. The concern owns a 120-megawatt wind power plant in Germany. The whole business is united in Verbio Group, which has more than 1000 employees and revenues of more than one billion Euro. Shares of the concern are traded at the stock exchange in Frankfurt. Verbio is not the first foreign producer declaring intentions to invest in construction of plants in Bulgaria. Back in February the Bulgarian News Agency reported that businessmen brothers Tomas and Richard Pambald from Sweden are intending to invest 70,000,000 Euro for construction of a biofuel plant near Pleven. They presented their project during a meeting with the chief of the region Cvetko Cvetkov.  The Swedish investors are planning production capacity of 150,000 cubic metres of bioethanol per month. According to the Agriculture and Woods service in the region of Pleven, more than 400,000 tonnes of biomass, proper for processing in fuel, is expected to be extracted. The larger usage of biofuels in the future is not only an act of good will. The Directive of EU 30 from 2003 obliges EU countries to increase the use of ecological fuels sharply, instead of the oil. In this respect, biodiesel will replace a bigger part of oil fuels. Biodiesel in Europe today is an industry of more than USD 500 million, and the consulting agency Frost & Sullivan predicted growth up to USD 2.4 billion with 4.5 million tonnes in sales per year until 2007. The European Union will need millions of tonnes of imported biofuels to fulfill its ecological plans, the Financial Times reported. This is demanded by an act, requiring standard fuels to be mixed with 10 percent ethanol.  According to the ecological requirements, after 2009 European gas stations should start offering two new types of petrol – E5 with five percent ethanol and E10 mixed with 10 percent of the alternative fuel. The biodiesel market is growing all over the world. In Germany this fuel is offered at a lower price than petrol diesel at more than 2000 gas stations. At the moment, Bulgaria has accepted the guideline for replacement of 5.75 percent of the petrol and diesel with reviving fuels. For now only a few gas stations are mixing the fuels and only Tempo petrol is offering pure biodiesel. With the exceptionally favourable conditions for raising rape, sunflower and other oil-bearing cultures it is economically profitable to use car fuels, produced by vegetable or animal oils. This process has been growing fast in the last few years.  Dozens of thousand of tonnes of biodiesel per year are used for transportation and other purposes in the country. In contemporary ecological plant-growing the protection of the soils from contamination is significant in order to answer the requirements for organic farming. The agricultural transport and machinery in organic farming will be required to use 100 percent organic fuels (biodiesel, ethanol, biopetroleum), which are not contaminating the soil, the ground waters and the air in order to guarantee ecologically pure production.

Via: New Europe News
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